Dynamic Monitoring of Tall Buildings
الشريط الجانبي للمقالة
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
There has been an increasing demand on tall and high-rise buildings. In response, structural engineers have become more interested in improving the design of these newly constructed buildings as well as extending the life of the existing and aging ones. Field dynamic monitoring is the best method that engineers can rely on to measure the current performance of tall buildings in order to make critical decisions regarding the improvement of their designs or regarding the planning of their retrofitting and maintenance. Radar interferometry is a novel remote monitoring technique that has appeared to be exceptionally suitable for monitoring of tall buildings. However, the performance and capabilities of this system relative to other conventional sensors in not fully understood. This paper reviews the radar system and other commonly used sensors with a focus on their current status and application. A model for evaluating the relative performance of the different sensors for tall buildings is constructed and it demonstrates that the radar has unmatched capabilities for monitoring of high-rise buildings, The comparative case study on the Soul Tower, which is the first of its kind on such high-rise building, further confirms this conclusion.. Consequently, engineers are advised to always consider employing the interferometric radar for dynamic monitoring of tall buildings.
تفاصيل المقالة
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
المراجع
R. Bashor, S. Bobby, T. Kijewski-Correa, and A. Kareem, “Full-scale performance evaluation of tall buildings under wind,” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., vol. 104–106, pp. 88–97, May 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.04.007
M. Çelebi, “Recent Development on Dynamic Monitoring of Structures,” ECAS2002 Int. Symp. Struct., pp. 79–86, 2002.
A. Abdelrazaq, “Validating the Structural Behavior and Response of Burj Khalifa”, Council of Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, Chicago, USA, 2011.
J.-Z. Su et al., “Long-term structural performance monitoring system for the Shanghai Tower,” J. Civ. Struct. Heal. Monit., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 49–61, Jan. 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13349-012-0034-z
K. Dai and Z. Huang, “Novel sensing techniques for full-scale testing of civil structures”, Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 240–256, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-012-0172-8
G. Luzi, O. Monserrat, and M. Crosetto, “The Potential of Coherent Radar to Support the Monitoring of the Health State of Buildings,” Res. Nondestruct. Eval., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 125–145, Jul. 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09349847.2012.660241
P. Avitabile, C. Niezrecki, and M. Helfrick, “Noncontact Measurement. Techniques for Model Correlation,” Sound Vib., no. January, pp. 8–12, 2010.
R. A. Velez, “Dynamic structural identification using Wireless Sensor Networks,” Univ. Minho, no. August, 2010.
D. Inaudi, P. Favez, R. Belli, and D. Posenato, “Dynamic Monitoring Systems for Structures under Extreme Loads,” Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 82, pp. 804–809, Jul. 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.82.804
B. F. Spencer, “Structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure: from research to engineering practice,” Univ. Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 2014.
T. Nagayama and B. S. Jr, “Structural health monitoring using smart sensors,” Univ. Illinois Urbana-Champaign, no. November, 2007.
C. Rainieri and G. Fabbrocino, Operational Modal Analysis of Civil Engineering Structures. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0767-0
J. M. W. Brownjohn, “Noise Characteristics of Sensors for Extreme Low Level Vibration Measurements,” IMAC-XXV Conf. Expo. Struct. Dyn., 2007.
N. Haritos, “Low Cost Accelerometer Sensors-Applications and Challenges,” Aust. Earthq., 2009.
B. Erol, “Evaluation of high-precision sensors in structural monitoring.,” Sensors (Basel)., vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 10803–27, Jan. 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s101210803
C. Yigit, X. Li, C. Inal, L. Ge, and M. Yetkin, “Preliminary evaluation of precise inclination sensor and GPS for monitoring full-scale dynamic response of a tall reinforced concrete building,” J. Appl. Geod., vol. 4, pp. 1–11, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jag.2010.010
MMM Group, “The BoW Project– Geodetic Surveying Applied,” 2011.
T. Yi, H. Li, and M. Gu, “Recent research and applications of GPS-based monitoring technology for high-rise structures,” Struct. Control Heal. Monit., vol. 10.1002, 2013.
J. Brownjohn, M. Stringer, and G. Tan, “Experience with RTK-GPS system for monitoring wind and seismic effects on a tall building,” Rock Qual. Seism. …, 2006.
M. Celebi, “GPS in dynamic monitoring of long-period structures,” Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., pp. 1–7, 2000.
H. Jo, S. Sim, and A. Tatkowski, “Feasibility of displacement monitoring using low‐cost GPS receivers,” … Heal. Monit., no. November 2012, pp. 1240–1254, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1532
X. Li, “The advantage of an integrated RTK-GPS system in monitoring structural deformation,” Positioning, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 191–199, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5081/jgps.3.1.191
P. Breuer, T. Chmielewski, P. Górski, and E. Konopka, “Application of GPS technology to measurements of displacements of high-rise structures due to weak winds,” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 223–230, Mar. 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(01)00221-5
C. Kuang, “Wind-Induced Response Characteristics of a Tall Building from GPS and Accelerometer Measurements,” Positioning, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/pos.2011.21001
C. Ogaja, “a framework in support of structural monitoring by real time kinematic gps and multisensor data”, PhD Thesis, The University of New South Wales Sydney Australia, 2002.
F. Catbas, T. Kijewski-Correa, and A. Aktan, “Structural identification (ST-Id) of constructed facilities,” … Civ. Eng. Struct. …, 2011.
C. R. Farrar, T. W. Darling, A. Migliori, and W. E. Baker, “Microwave Interferometers for Non-Contact Vibration Measurements on Large Structures,” Mech. Syst. Signal Process., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 241–253, Mar. 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/mssp.1998.1216
M. Pieraccini, F. Parrini, M. Fratini, C. Atzeni, P. Spinelli, and M. Micheloni, “Static and dynamic testing of bridges through microwave interferometry,” NDT E Int., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 208–214, Apr. 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2006.10.007
C. Gentile, “Structural health monitoring of stay cables using the microwave interferometry,” Proc. IOMAC, no. Gentile 2010, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2749/222137810796025311